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A stock head bolt, with its 186ksi tensile strength, will provide ~16000 lbs of preload when torqued properly. An ARP 8740 12mm head stud, 200ksi UTS, will provide ~18000 lbs preload. But we're not done yet... An ARP L19 12mm head stud, 260ksi UTS, will provide ~22500 lbs preload. That equals a 40.6% increase in preload over stock.
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